A Literature Review on Energy Management with Renewable Energy Sources

Authors: Vijay Kumar Gohite , Prof. Subinoy Roy, Prof. Ashish Kumar Singhal

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Abstract

Renewable energy sources have emerged as an alternative to meet the growing demand for energy, mitigate climate change, and contribute to sustainable development. The integration of these systems is carried out in a distributed manner via Microgrid systems; this provides a set of technological solutions that allows information exchange between the consumers and the distributed generation centers, which implies that they need to be managed optimally. Energy management in microgrids is defined as an information and control system that provides the necessary functionality, which ensures that both the generation and distribution systems supply energy at minimal operational costs. This paper presents a literature review of energy management in Microgrid systems using renewable energies,

Introduction

The exponential demand for energy has led to the depletion of fossil fuels such as petroleum, oil, and carbon. This, in turn, increases the greenhouse effect gases. Energy systems have incorporated small-scale and large-scale renewable sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and tidal energy to mitigate the aforementioned problems on a global scale [1]. Global energy demand will grow by more than a quarter to 2040, when renewable sources are expected to represent 40 percent of the global energy mix. The reliability of the renewable sources is a major challenge due mainly to mismatch between energy demand and supply [2]. Renewable energy resources, distributed generation (DG), energy storage systems, and microgrids (MG) are the common concepts discussed in several papers [3]. The increase in the demand for energy and the rethinking of power systems has led to energy being generated near the places of consumption. This energy is derived from renewable sources, which are becoming increasingly competitive due to a drop in prices, especially in the case of photovoltaic solar and wind energies

Conclusion

The literature review highlighted two approaches for Microgrid energy management: The centralized and decentralized approaches. The first incorporates optimization using the available information in the absence of a coordination strategy between the actors in a Microgrid. A computer centre transmits the optimal settings to each participant. The second approach implements optimization using partial information and a strategy for coordinating the Microgrid participants; each participant evaluates its own optimal settings. Centralized management is mostly implemented in metaheuristic methods, and decentralized management is frequently implemented in methods based on multi-agents. Many publications have proposed centralized management for microgrids. However, the incursion of distributed energy resources (DER) may cause this type of management to face issues when implemented in a centralized information system because there might be a demand for high computational cost due to the large quantity of data. Distributed energy management may be an alternative solution to this problem. It solves the problem of data processing and reduces processing