Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems Operating Using hybrid of SSA&PSO

Authors: Vijay Kumar Gohite, Prof. Subinoy Roy, Prof. Ashish Kumar Singhal

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Abstract

Due to the physical properties of the network components, energy and power losses occur when electrical energy is transported from generating facilities to customers via transmission and distribution networks. These losses are unavoidable in the transmission of electrical energy through physical channels. Existing networks and planned additions provide a great opportunity to increase energy efficiency. Improving efficiency entails putting in place measures beyond the activity\'s current best practices in terms of efficacy. To decrease network losses, various practical procedures and technologies may be employed. Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) The performance study of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) reveals various benefits, including a low component count, ease of management and complete control of source energies. An energy management plan must properly estimate the power levels of sources in these systems (EMS). This work provides an energy management system (EMS) for a battery/ultra-capacitor (UC). By using an MPPT controller, the UC state-ofcharge is not only smoothed but the battery power profile is also smoothed. As a result, it produces a HESS that is more durable and has longer battery life

Introduction

Electricity is the most important commodity in any country or country's social and economic development. It plays an imperative role in all human behavior in the current situation. The majority of electricity comes from fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas. These fossil fuels have a serious impact on the atmosphere in many ways. Even these fossil fuels are limited and will continue until the middle of this century. Need to implement renewable energy (RES) for green energy Solar radiation: Solar radiation, also known as insolation, is made up of two types of radiation: radiation that comes directly from the sun (beam radiation) and radiation that arrives indirectly from the sun (diffuse radiation) (diffusion and albedo radiation). The solar constant is defined as the amount of solar radiation that falls on a unit region of space above the atmosphere when the sun is shining vertically. It has a power density of 1367 W/m2. The amount of sunlight absorbed in the atmosphere is measured by the air mass, which is a handy lumped parameter. One air mass is defined as the quantity of beam solar radiation absorbed in the atmosphere on a direct vertical path to sea level in a given time period (AM1). At around 0.5 V DC, a typical PV cell provides less than 2 W of power. In order to achieve the needed power and voltage ratings, it is necessary to connect PV cells in series and parallel configurations. Single photovoltaic cells are grouped together to form modules, which are then coupled together to form arrays. Neither the size of a module nor the size of an array are defined in any way that is rigid. The power output of a module might range from a few watts to hundreds of watts depending on the model. Furthermore, the power rating of an array might range from a few hundred watts to several megawatts. Battery Bank Modeling and Sizing: Developing a Model and Sizing a Battery Bank: The output power of the wind turbine fluctuates throughout the day in accordance with the variations in wind speed. Aside from that, the maximum power output of the PV generator varies depending on the amount of solar radiation

Conclusion

This thesis is based on an energy management strategy (EMS) for a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that has been presented in this work. The HESS is composed of a bidirectional non-isolated multiinput dc-dc converter which can achieve power flow between each input source and output port. An EMS has been designed for controlling the SOC of UC while smoothing the battery power profile. By applying this EMS, it aims to ensure the practicability of the hybrid system and decrease the battery power peaks, thus extending the battery cycle life. A sustainable energy system consisting of a photovoltaic array with a battery ultracapacitor HESS to supply a non-grid connected load was introduced. The impact of including the ultracapacitor in the photovoltaic system was analyzed. The batteries and ultracapacitors complement each other in their power and energy densities. Electrical loads that contain motors can have power spikes of between three and seven times their rated wattage at start-up, while loads requiring large capacitors to be charged at the start-up can result in a power surge up to three times their rated wattage. THIS THESIS ANALYSED a DC system, but the same principles apply to AC systems. In an AC system, the inverter must be sized to consider the starting power requirement of the load, with the battery bank being sized to handle the voltage drop due to the high current surge. Otherwise, the voltage drop could cause the inverter to shut down. Depending on the discharge rate. Peak power loads requiring high power reduce the battery capacity, resulting in a voltage drop.